Транспорт и рисунки (рубрики)

In June 1190, Richard, leaving his brother John at the head of the government of England, and William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, chancellor and great justiciar, i.e. supreme judge, set off on his way through France and Italy. On September 23, he arrived in Sicily, where the fleet and Philip II Augustus with his army were waiting for him in the harbor of Messina. In the same place, and very soon, friction began between Richard and the local population, as well as between Richard and Philip. The dissatisfaction of the Sicilians with the defiant behavior of the English army led to skirmishes, and, in the end, the English king in anger gave the order to storm Messina. The city was taken, but Philip, who did not take part in the assault, demanded a share in the booty, as stipulated by the preliminary agreement. There, in Messina, Richard decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre. Philip remembered the rights of his sister Aelis, but Richard threatened a public inquiry into her relationship with the late Henry II, and Philip limited himself in his claims to a sum of money and the return of her dowry - the counties of Vexin and Gisors. All this did not contribute to warm relations between the monarchs. Finally both of them set sail from Sicily.

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Philip II went to Palestine, where on April 20, 1191, he began the siege of the fortress-harbor of Acre (modern Akko), the mastery of which opened the way inland, to Jerusalem. However, at the council of the crusaders, it was decided not to start the assault until the arrival of Richard. On May 5, 1191, he arrived in Cyprus, which was ruled by Isaac Komnenos, a relative of the Byzantine ruling dynasty, who proclaimed himself an independent emperor. Shortly before Richard appeared there, several ships with crusaders crashed off the coast of the island; Isaac took the Pilgrims prisoner, and also captured the first ship from Richard's flotilla, on which his wife Berengaria was. Richard demanded the release of the captives, but was met with a mocking refusal. Then he started the war. In less than a month, the country was conquered, huge booty was taken and the Kingdom of Cyprus was founded, which lasted until 1489. When, abandoned by everyone, Isaac Komnenos informed Richard that he was ready to surrender to his mercy, if only the king would treat him like a noble prisoner and “He will not impose on him either iron chains or rope bonds,” Richard gave his word and ordered Isaac to be chained in silver shackles.

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On June 8, Richard finally reached Acre. The first assault on June 14 was unsuccessful. Shortly thereafter, hostilities came to a halt for two reasons. First, a disease broke out in the crusader camp, apparently scurvy, and Richard was one of the sick. Secondly, the feuds between Philip II Augustus and Richard continued, with each of them trying to negotiate with Saladin and at the same time blaming the other for these negotiations. Finally, shortly after Richard's recovery, the decision was made to storm. Then Saladin offered peace on extremely favorable terms for the crusaders. These proposals were rejected, but with the knowledge of Philip and behind the back of Richard, an agreement was reached with the garrison of Acre on the honorable surrender of the city. Upon learning of this, Richard became furious and began the assault.

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